Tooth Decay
Decay is damage to the tooth caused by acids from bacteria. Caught early, it is simple to treat.
What is tooth decay?
Bacteria in plaque feed on sugars and produce acid, which softens enamel. Over time this forms a cavity. Decay can spread into the softer dentine and eventually reach the nerve.
Common causes
- Frequent sugary food and drinks
- Plaque left on teeth
- Dry mouth
- Deep grooves on back teeth
- Not enough fluoride
Symptoms
- Sensitivity to sweet, hot or cold
- Visible holes or dark spots
- Toothache
- Food catching between teeth
- Often no symptoms in early stages
How we treat it
Very early decay can sometimes be reversed with fluoride and better habits. Once a cavity forms, a filling is needed. Deeper decay may need root canal treatment and a crown.
Treatments that can help
Frequently asked questions
Can decay be reversed?
The earliest stage, before a cavity forms, can often be stopped with fluoride and good home care.
Why do I need X-rays to find decay?
Decay between teeth is often invisible to the eye and shows up on X-rays.
Is it urgent? Call us the same day for severe pain, swelling or a knocked-out tooth. If swelling affects your breathing or swallowing, go to your nearest hospital emergency department or call 000.